🎯 Bottom Line Up Front
From a life insurance underwriting perspective, bypass surgery occupies a complex position—it’s both evidence of significant coronary artery disease (a mortality risk factor) and definitive treatment that improves prognosis compared to untreated disease.
This comprehensive guide explains how life insurance companies evaluate bypass surgery history, what factors determine rate classifications, optimal timing for applications, documentation that strengthens cases, and strategies for securing the best possible coverage after CABG.
Annual CABG Procedures in U.S.
Optimal Application Timing
Typical Rate Range
Understanding Bypass Surgery and Insurance Impact
Key insight: Bypass surgery signals serious coronary disease but represents successful treatment—underwriters evaluate both the disease severity and the intervention success.
Coronary artery bypass surgery is typically recommended when coronary arteries have significant blockages (usually 70%+ stenosis) that cause symptoms, threaten heart function, or present high risk of heart attack. The decision to perform bypass rather than stenting usually indicates either complex multi-vessel disease, left main artery involvement, or anatomy unsuitable for percutaneous intervention. This means bypass patients generally had more extensive disease than those treated with stents alone, which influences insurance evaluation.
✅ Favorable Post-CABG Scenarios
Standard to Table 2 possible
- 12+ months since uncomplicated surgery
- Excellent surgical outcome, complete revascularization
- Ejection fraction 50%+ (normal heart function)
- No angina or cardiac symptoms since surgery
- Excellent risk factor control (BP, cholesterol, diabetes)
- Regular cardiac follow-up with stable results
- Active lifestyle, normal exercise tolerance
- No other cardiac events or procedures since CABG
Expected: Standard to Table 2 ratings
⚠️ Moderate Risk Scenarios
Table 2 to Table 4 typical
- 6-12 months since surgery
- Multiple grafts (4-5 vessels bypassed)
- Ejection fraction 40-49% (mildly reduced)
- Mild persistent angina on optimal medications
- Some risk factors suboptimally controlled
- History of prior heart attack before surgery
- Other vascular disease (carotid, peripheral)
- Required additional procedure post-CABG
Expected: Table 2 to Table 4 ratings
🔴 Higher Risk Scenarios
Table 4+ or postponement
- Less than 6 months post-surgery
- Surgical complications (stroke, MI, infection)
- Ejection fraction under 40% (significantly reduced)
- Recurrent angina or heart attack post-CABG
- Required repeat bypass or urgent stenting
- Severe heart failure symptoms
- Poorly controlled diabetes or hypertension
- Multiple comorbidities (kidney disease, COPD)
Expected: Table 4 to Table 6+ or postponement
Professional Insight
“Bypass surgery underwriting is highly individualized based on the complete cardiovascular picture. We recently placed two clients who both had triple bypass surgery. The first applied 18 months post-surgery with excellent recovery, ejection fraction of 55%, perfect medication compliance, and all risk factors optimally controlled—he received Table 2. The second applied 14 months post-op but had ejection fraction of 42%, persistent mild angina, and suboptimal cholesterol control despite medications—he received Table 4. The surgery history itself was similar, but the post-operative outcomes and ongoing management created a two-table-class difference in pricing.”
– InsuranceBrokers USA – Management Team
For more insights on how various medical conditions affect coverage decisions, see our comprehensive guide on Life Insurance Approvals with Pre-Existing Medical Conditions.
How Insurers Evaluate Bypass Surgery
Key insight: Underwriters use a comprehensive framework evaluating pre-operative disease severity, surgical outcome, current cardiac status, and future disease progression risk.
Life insurance evaluation of bypass surgery patients involves multiple layers of assessment. Rather than applying a simple “had bypass surgery = X rating,” underwriters construct a complete cardiovascular risk profile incorporating disease extent, treatment success, functional status, and likelihood of future cardiac events.
| Evaluation Category | What Underwriters Assess | Impact on Rates |
|---|---|---|
| Time Since Surgery | Months/years elapsed since CABG procedure | 12+ months much more favorable than 3-6 months |
| Number of Grafts | Single, double, triple, quadruple, quintuple bypass | More grafts = more extensive disease = higher ratings |
| Surgical Indication | Elective vs. emergency, stable angina vs. unstable/MI | Emergency surgery suggests more severe presentation |
| Ejection Fraction | Current heart pumping function (normal 55-70%) | Critical factor: EF 50%+ much better than under 40% |
| Surgical Complications | Perioperative MI, stroke, infection, kidney injury | Complications significantly worsen ratings |
| Current Symptoms | Angina, shortness of breath, exercise limitation | Symptom-free optimal; persistent symptoms concerning |
| Post-Op Events | Heart attacks, additional procedures, hospitalizations since CABG | Events indicate graft failure or disease progression |
| Graft Patency | Whether bypass grafts remain open and functioning | Patent grafts essential; failures require re-intervention |
| Risk Factor Control | Blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, smoking cessation | Excellent control improves ratings by 1-2 tables |
| Other Vascular Disease | Carotid stenosis, peripheral artery disease, aortic disease | Polyarterial disease compounds ratings |
| Cardiac Testing Results | Stress tests, echocardiograms, angiograms post-surgery | Normal results strongly support favorable ratings |
⚠️ The Ejection Fraction Factor
Ejection fraction (EF) is one of the most heavily weighted factors in post-CABG underwriting. It measures the percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat and directly correlates with mortality risk:
- EF 55-70% (Normal): Heart function preserved; best possible ratings for bypass patients (Standard to Table 2)
- EF 50-54% (Borderline): Mildly reduced function; usually Table 2 to Table 3
- EF 40-49% (Mildly Reduced): Moderate dysfunction; typically Table 3 to Table 4
- EF 35-39% (Moderately Reduced): Significant dysfunction; usually Table 4 to Table 6
- EF under 35% (Severely Reduced): Heart failure range; Table 6+ or declined coverage
A post-operative echocardiogram showing preserved or improved ejection fraction is one of the strongest positive indicators in bypass surgery applications.
Application Timing After Surgery
Key insight: Waiting 12-24 months after uncomplicated CABG with comprehensive recovery documentation typically produces optimal rate classifications.
Application timing after bypass surgery significantly impacts both underwriting outcomes and rate classifications. While coverage is possible earlier, patience with timing often results in substantially better rates as recovery documentation accumulates and cardiac status stabilizes.
0-3 Months: Immediate Post-Operative
Application outlook:
- Recovery phase: Active healing, recent hospital discharge, cardiac rehab initiation
- Cardiac status: Function may still be improving; full recovery trajectory uncertain
- Medication adjustments: Regimen still being optimized
- Typical underwriter response: Postponement until 6-12 months post-surgery
- Exception: Group life insurance through employer may provide coverage without medical underwriting
- Recommendation: Focus on recovery and risk factor optimization rather than insurance applications
Action: Expect postponement; use this time for cardiac rehab and risk factor control
3-6 Months: Early Recovery
Application outlook:
- Recovery phase: Significant improvement achieved; returning to activities
- Cardiac testing: May have early post-op echo or stress test showing initial results
- Complications evident: Any major complications (graft failure, recurrent symptoms) would be apparent
- Typical underwriter response: Some carriers postpone; others may offer table ratings
- Expected ratings: Table 3 to Table 5 if carrier proceeds; rates reflect short follow-up period
- Recommendation: Apply only if urgent coverage need; waiting produces better rates
Action: Possible but not optimal; expect moderate to higher table ratings if approved
6-12 Months: Intermediate Recovery
Application outlook:
- Recovery phase: Stable cardiac status established; full activity resumed
- Cardiac testing: Comprehensive follow-up testing available (6-month echo, possible stress test)
- Risk factor control: Medication regimen stable; lifestyle modifications established
- Typical underwriter response: Most carriers will evaluate applications at this timeframe
- Expected ratings: Table 2 to Table 4 depending on surgical outcome and current status
- Recommendation: Reasonable timing if strong recovery documentation available
Action: Good timing for applications; rates improve significantly from early post-op period
12-24 Months: Optimal Application Window
Application outlook:
- Recovery phase: Complete recovery achieved; established long-term stability
- Cardiac testing: Multiple follow-up studies showing sustained good function
- Risk factor control: Demonstrated sustained management of all cardiovascular risk factors
- Typical underwriter response: Evaluated as stable post-surgical patient with known long-term prognosis
- Expected ratings: Standard to Table 3 with excellent outcomes; Table 3 to Table 4 for typical cases
- Recommendation: Optimal timing combining recovery demonstration and favorable rate potential
Action: Best timing for applications; maximum rate class potential with comprehensive documentation
24+ Months: Remote Post-Surgical History
Application outlook:
- Recovery phase: Historical surgical intervention with long-term stable outcome
- Cardiac testing: Extensive track record of sustained cardiac function
- Risk factor control: Long-term management patterns clearly established
- Typical underwriter response: Evaluated for current cardiac status more than surgical history
- Expected ratings: Standard to Table 2 with exceptional outcomes and management
- Recommendation: Excellent timing if no intervening cardiac events occurred
Action: Very favorable timing; remote successful surgery with stability viewed positively
💡 Why Waiting Matters for Rate Classifications
The difference in premiums between applying at 6 months versus 18 months post-CABG can be substantial:
- Documentation quality: More follow-up testing available showing sustained good function
- Stability demonstration: Proven track record of no complications or recurrent events
- Risk factor optimization: Time to achieve and document excellent cholesterol, BP, and glucose control
- Graft patency proven: Longer follow-up confirms bypass grafts remain functional
- Exercise tolerance: Documented return to normal or near-normal activity levels
- Medication stability: Established regimen without ongoing adjustments
Example: A 60-year-old applicant with triple bypass might receive Table 4 at 6 months post-op ($4,800 annual premium for $500K) versus Table 2 at 18 months ($3,200 annual premium)—a savings of $1,600 annually simply by waiting with proper documentation.
Critical Underwriting Factors
Key insight: Ten specific factors determine post-CABG rate classifications, with current cardiac function and risk factor control most heavily weighted.
Factor 1: Number and Type of Grafts
What underwriters evaluate:
- Single bypass: One vessel diseased; least extensive disease; best prognosis
- Double bypass: Two vessels bypassed; moderate disease extent
- Triple bypass: Three vessels; most common configuration; extensive disease
- Quadruple/Quintuple bypass: Four or five vessels; very extensive disease; higher ratings
- Graft types: Internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts superior longevity to saphenous vein grafts
- Complete revascularization: All diseased vessels bypassed preferred over incomplete revascularization
Rating impact: Triple bypass with good outcome typically Table 2-3; quintuple bypass usually Table 3-4 or higher
Factor 2: Pre-Operative Presentation
What underwriters evaluate:
- Stable angina, elective surgery: Most favorable scenario; planned intervention
- Unstable angina: More urgent indication; suggests higher-risk disease
- Following heart attack: Post-MI CABG indicates significant cardiac damage
- Emergency surgery: Urgent/emergent CABG for acute coronary syndrome
- Left main disease: Blockage of left main artery especially concerning
- Poor pre-op EF: Reduced heart function before surgery predicts worse outcomes
Rating impact: Elective CABG for stable angina rates more favorably than emergency surgery for massive MI
Factor 3: Current Ejection Fraction
What underwriters evaluate:
- Post-operative echo results: Most recent EF measurement critical
- Improvement vs. decline: EF improving since surgery very positive; declining concerning
- Normal function preserved: EF 55%+ indicates surgery preserved or restored normal heart function
- Mild-moderate dysfunction: EF 40-54% workable but results in table ratings
- Severe dysfunction: EF under 40% significantly impacts insurability
Rating impact: EF 55% might achieve Table 2; EF 42% typically Table 4; EF 32% might be Table 6 or declined
Factor 4: Symptom Status
What underwriters evaluate:
- Complete symptom relief: No angina, normal exercise tolerance optimal
- Persistent mild angina: Occasional chest discomfort despite surgery concerning
- Recurrent angina: Return of symptoms suggests graft failure or disease progression
- Functional capacity: Documented exercise tolerance (able to climb stairs, walk distances)
- Shortness of breath: Dyspnea may indicate heart failure or incomplete revascularization
- NYHA class: New York Heart Association functional classification (I-IV)
Rating impact: Asymptomatic with normal exercise tolerance best scenario; Class III-IV heart failure symptoms severely impact rates
Factor 5: Post-Operative Complications
What underwriters evaluate:
- Uncomplicated recovery: No perioperative events; smooth healing course
- Atrial fibrillation: Common complication; if resolved, minimal impact; if persistent, rated separately
- Perioperative MI: Heart attack during or immediately after surgery
- Stroke: CVA during surgery significantly worsens prognosis and ratings
- Acute kidney injury: Temporary kidney failure; if resolved, minimal impact; if chronic damage, rated
- Sternal wound infection: If resolved, minor impact; if chronic osteomyelitis, concerning
- Prolonged ventilation: Respiratory issues requiring extended intubation
Rating impact: Uncomplicated surgery achieves best rates; perioperative stroke or MI adds 2-3 table classes
Our guide on Top 10 Best Life Insurance Companies in the U.S. (2025): Expert Broker Rankings can help identify carriers most likely to provide favorable consideration for post-cardiac surgery applicants.
Complications and Their Impact
Key insight: Perioperative and post-operative complications significantly affect ratings, though many resolve without long-term insurance impact.
Cardiac bypass surgery, while generally safe at experienced centers, carries inherent risks. Complications that occur during or after surgery influence life insurance underwriting based on their permanence and impact on long-term prognosis.
| Complication | Incidence | Insurance Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Atrial fibrillation | 30-40% post-CABG | If resolved: minimal impact; if persistent: rated based on AFib severity |
| Perioperative MI | 5-10% | Adds 1-2 table ratings; evaluated like separate MI |
| Stroke | 1-3% | Significant impact; rated based on stroke severity and recovery |
| Acute kidney injury | 5-10% | If recovered to normal: minimal impact; if chronic: rated separately |
| Sternal wound infection | 1-2% | If healed: minimal impact; if chronic: adds table ratings |
| Bleeding requiring reoperation | 2-5% | If no lasting effects: minimal impact |
| Respiratory failure | 2-3% | If resolved: minimal impact; if chronic lung disease: rated separately |
| Graft failure | 10-15% within first year | Requiring re-intervention significantly worsens ratings |
Professional Insight
“Complications matter, but their insurance impact depends heavily on resolution and permanence. We placed a client who had atrial fibrillation after bypass that converted back to normal rhythm within 48 hours—this added no rating to his application. Another client developed persistent AFib requiring lifelong anticoagulation—this added Table 2 beyond the bypass rating. The key is whether the complication resolved completely or created a permanent new condition requiring ongoing management. Temporary complications that resolved are noted but often don’t independently affect rates if recovery was otherwise excellent.”
– InsuranceBrokers USA – Management Team
Risk Factor Management
Key insight: Post-operative risk factor control is equally important as the surgery itself—excellent management can improve ratings by 1-2 table classes.
Coronary artery disease requiring bypass surgery results from years of risk factor exposure. Post-surgical outcomes depend heavily on aggressive risk factor modification to prevent graft failure and disease progression in native arteries. Insurance underwriters recognize this and heavily weight current risk factor control in rate determinations.
| Risk Factor | Optimal Post-CABG Target | Insurance Impact |
|---|---|---|
| LDL Cholesterol | Under 70 mg/dL (ideally under 55 mg/dL) | Critical factor; excellent control essential for favorable rates |
| Blood Pressure | Under 130/80 mmHg consistently | Uncontrolled hypertension adds table ratings |
| Diabetes Control | HbA1c under 7% (ideally under 6.5%) | Diabetes plus CABG compounds ratings unless excellent control |
| Smoking Status | Complete permanent cessation | Continued smoking post-CABG may result in declined coverage |
| Weight Management | BMI under 30 (ideally under 27) | Obesity impedes recovery and worsens prognosis |
| Exercise/Activity | Regular moderate exercise, cardiac rehab completion | Active lifestyle signals good functional recovery |
| Medication Adherence | Perfect compliance with aspirin, statin, beta-blocker | Non-adherence raises concerns about future events |
✓ The Power of Excellent Risk Factor Control
Post-CABG applicants with exceptional risk factor management can achieve ratings 1-2 table classes better than those with suboptimal control:
- LDL under 55 mg/dL on high-intensity statin
- Blood pressure averaging 115/70 mmHg
- Never smoked or 5+ years cessation
- HbA1c under 6.5% if diabetic (or no diabetes)
- BMI 24-26 with regular exercise routine
- Perfect medication compliance documented
- Completed cardiac rehabilitation program
An applicant 18 months post-triple bypass with this profile might achieve Table 2, while identical surgical history with LDL of 130, BP of 145/90, and BMI of 33 might receive Table 4—doubling the premium cost.
Essential Medical Documentation
Key insight: Comprehensive surgical and follow-up documentation demonstrating excellent outcomes and risk factor control is essential for optimal rate classifications.
📋 Core Documentation Requirements
- Operative report detailing number of grafts, vessels bypassed, graft types used, any complications
- Hospital discharge summary including perioperative course, complications, discharge medications
- Pre-operative cardiac catheterization showing anatomy and severity of disease
- Most recent echocardiogram (within 6 months) showing current ejection fraction
- Stress test results post-surgery showing exercise capacity and absence of ischemia
- Cardiology follow-up notes from past 6-12 months documenting stable status
- Current medication list with compliance documentation
- Recent lipid panel showing LDL, HDL, triglycerides on current therapy
- Blood pressure logs demonstrating sustained control
- Diabetes management records with recent HbA1c if applicable
- Cardiac rehabilitation completion documentation if participated
- Any post-operative procedures (angiograms, stents, repeat surgery) with outcomes
✅ Documentation That Strengthens Applications
- Cardiologist letter stating “excellent surgical result, complete revascularization”
- Recent echo showing “EF 60%, normal LV function”
- Stress test report: “achieved 10 METS, no ischemia”
- Lipid panel: “LDL 58 mg/dL on atorvastatin 80mg”
- BP log showing consistent readings under 125/75
- Statement: “asymptomatic, no angina since surgery”
- Serial echos showing stable or improved EF over time
- Cardiac rehab graduation certificate
⚠️ Documentation Gaps to Address
- No post-operative echo (EF unknown)
- Missing stress test post-surgery
- Old labs (over 12 months) not showing current control
- No cardiology follow-up in past year
- Surgical complications not fully documented or resolved
- Graft patency uncertain (no angiogram if symptoms present)
- Medication non-compliance documented in records
- Vague symptom descriptions without objective assessment
⚠️ Critical Documentation Timeline
Ensure documentation covers these key timepoints:
- Pre-operative: Cardiac cath showing disease extent and indication for surgery
- Perioperative: Operative report and discharge summary documenting procedure details and immediate outcome
- 3-6 months post-op: Initial follow-up showing recovery trajectory
- 6-12 months post-op: Comprehensive evaluation with echo and possibly stress test
- Current (within 6 months): Most recent testing showing current cardiac status and risk factor control
Missing any of these timepoints creates uncertainty that underwriters resolve conservatively (higher ratings).
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I get life insurance after having bypass surgery?
Yes, most individuals who have undergone bypass surgery can obtain life insurance, though typically at table ratings rather than standard rates. The key factors determining your eligibility and rates include time since surgery, how well you’ve recovered, your current heart function (ejection fraction), how well you manage risk factors like cholesterol and blood pressure, and whether you’ve had any complications or additional cardiac events since surgery. With excellent recovery documented at 12+ months post-surgery, normal heart function, and optimal risk factor control, you might achieve standard to Table 2 ratings. More typically, bypass patients receive Table 2 to Table 4 ratings. While you likely won’t qualify for the lowest “preferred” rates available to the healthiest applicants, affordable coverage is definitely obtainable.
How long after bypass surgery should I wait to apply for life insurance?
For optimal rate classifications, waiting 12-18 months after uncomplicated bypass surgery allows for comprehensive recovery documentation and demonstration of sustained cardiac stability. However, you can apply as early as 6 months post-surgery if you have urgent coverage needs, though rates will likely be 1-2 table classes higher than if you waited longer. Applications within the first 3-6 months are typically postponed by most carriers who want to see established recovery patterns. The benefit of waiting 12+ months is having multiple follow-up echocardiograms, stress tests, and lab work demonstrating sustained good cardiac function and excellent risk factor control—documentation that significantly improves rate classifications and can save thousands of dollars annually in premiums.
Does the number of bypass grafts affect my insurance rates?
Yes, the number of grafts (vessels bypassed) indicates the extent of your coronary artery disease and influences rate classifications. A single bypass suggests limited disease and typically receives more favorable ratings than a quintuple bypass indicating extensive multi-vessel disease. However, the number of grafts is just one factor among many. A triple bypass patient with excellent recovery, normal ejection fraction, and perfect risk factor control will receive better rates than a double bypass patient with complications and poor post-operative management. What matters most is your current cardiac status and how well you’ve done since surgery, not just the number of grafts. Don’t assume more grafts automatically disqualify you from reasonable rates—complete recovery profiles matter more than graft numbers alone.
What if my ejection fraction is reduced after bypass surgery?
Reduced ejection fraction after bypass surgery does affect rate classifications, but you can still obtain coverage. An ejection fraction of 50-54% (mild reduction) typically results in Table 2-3 ratings for otherwise good recovery. EF of 40-49% (moderate reduction) usually means Table 3-4 ratings. EF of 35-39% typically results in Table 4-6 ratings. Even ejection fractions in the 30-35% range, while more challenging, don’t automatically mean declined coverage—table ratings in the 6-8 range may be available depending on symptom control and overall management. The key is comprehensive documentation showing your reduced EF is stable (not declining), that you’re on optimal medical therapy, and that you’re managing your condition well with regular cardiac follow-up. Reduced EF increases premiums but doesn’t necessarily preclude obtaining coverage.
I had complications after my bypass surgery. Can I still get insured?
Yes, many types of post-surgical complications don’t prevent obtaining insurance, especially if they resolved without permanent effects. Temporary complications like atrial fibrillation that converted back to normal rhythm, bleeding that was surgically corrected, or acute kidney injury that fully recovered typically add minimal additional rating beyond the bypass surgery itself. However, permanent complications significantly impact rates—perioperative stroke, persistent atrial fibrillation requiring anticoagulation, chronic kidney disease from surgical kidney injury, or graft failure requiring additional procedures each add their own ratings on top of the bypass rating. The key is having complete documentation showing what complications occurred, how they were treated, and what the current status is. Even with complications, coverage is usually obtainable, though potentially at higher table ratings.
Will continued smoking after bypass surgery prevent me from getting life insurance?
Continued smoking after bypass surgery creates significant underwriting challenges and may result in declined coverage at many carriers. Smoking after CABG demonstrates either inability or unwillingness to modify the primary risk factor that led to coronary disease requiring surgery in the first place. Some carriers have strict guidelines automatically declining smokers with recent bypass surgery. Others may offer coverage but at very high table ratings (Table 6-8 or higher). If you’re still smoking after bypass, your best strategy is to quit completely and document at least 12 months of smoking cessation before applying for traditional life insurance. During that cessation period, consider guaranteed issue or group life insurance as temporary coverage. Smoking cessation post-CABG dramatically improves both your health prognosis and your insurance eligibility.
Can I get preferred rates if I’ve had bypass surgery?
Standard rates are achievable for exceptional post-bypass cases, but preferred rates are generally not available for applicants with bypass surgery history. Preferred rate classes are reserved for individuals with minimal to no significant health history, and bypass surgery represents major cardiovascular disease that, even when successfully treated, disqualifies applicants from preferred classifications at most carriers. Your realistic goal should be standard rates (no additional premium above base rates) if you have single or double bypass with complete recovery, excellent ejection fraction (55%+), perfect risk factor control, and 24+ months since surgery with no complications or events. Most bypass patients realistically achieve Table 2-4 ratings, which while more expensive than standard rates, still represent reasonable coverage costs for individuals with significant cardiac history.
Do I need to disclose bypass surgery from 20 years ago if I’ve had no problems since?
Yes, you must disclose bypass surgery regardless of how long ago it occurred. Life insurance applications ask about lifetime history of major surgeries and cardiovascular procedures. However, remote bypass surgery with 20 years of excellent post-operative course actually works in your favor—it demonstrates successful treatment with long-term stability and no disease progression. An applicant 20 years post-bypass with no cardiac events, normal heart function, and excellent risk factor control might achieve standard to Table 2 ratings, much better than someone recently post-surgery. Attempting to hide the surgery history risks policy rescission if discovered during claims investigation, while honest disclosure of remote, well-managed bypass history typically results in very reasonable rates. The length of time since surgery without complications is one of your strongest assets in underwriting.
Ready to Explore Your Life Insurance Options?
Whether you’re recently recovered from bypass surgery or years post-procedure, securing life insurance at the best possible rates requires specialized expertise in cardiac surgery underwriting and understanding of how recovery status, heart function, and risk factor management interact to determine outcomes. Our team works with over 40 carriers to identify those most receptive to post-CABG applicants at various stages of recovery.
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